Details on How Photovoltaic (PV) Panels Work
Understanding how sunlight is converted into electricity is key. Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels, convert sunlight into electrical currents through what is called the photovoltaic effect.
The photovoltaic effect takes place when photons from the sun strike the surface of a solar panel, knocking electrons within the solar panel’s semiconductor material loose. This exposure prompts the generation of voltage within the cell, kickstarting the conversion of energy into electrical power.
A typical solar panel is comprised of multiple photovoltaic cells, each capable of producing 1-2 watts of energy individually. These cells are predominantly crafted from semiconductor materials such as silicon and cadmium telluride which efficiently capture and convert the sun’s rays.
Solar panels generate electricity in the form of direct current (DC). However, most if not all common household appliances (like microwaves, dishwashers, and light fixtures) operate on alternating current (AC) electricity, rendering DC electricity incompatible with direct usage. To bridge this gap, an inverter is used. This essential component facilitates the conversion of DC electricity into AC electricity by altering the current’s direction and frequency. Once this conversion process is completed, the electricity can safely flow into your home, powering your household appliances and devices, or back to the utility grid.